Introduction: Surface roughness allows plaque accumulation resulting in gingival inflammation, superficial staining and secondary caries. Proper surface finishing and polishing are critical clinical procedures which enhance esthetics and longevity of restorations. This study evaluated adhesion of Streptococcus mutans biofilm on the surface of composite resin discs (nanofilled, Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) after finishing and polishing by different techniques. Methodology: Sixty samples of nanofilled composite resin were prepared in a circular shaped disc- 6 mm × 2 mm and divided randomly in three groups (n = 20) for surface treatments. Control group: composite resin surface in contact with Mylar matrix strips with no finishing or polishing performed, Sof-Lex aluminum oxide disc technique and 30-blade tungsten carbide burs and silicon carbide brushes, Astrobrush. The samples were subjected to biofilm adhesion by inoculation in suitable media. The response variable was the mean CFU/mL present in the Streptococcus mutans biofilms formed on the composite resin surface. Data was statistically analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The Mean adhesion found in Mylar matrix strip group at 10 dilution was 74.7 ± 3.5, in Sof-Lex group was 147.3 ± 7.0 and in Astrobrush group was 149.4 ± 8.1. This difference in the mean values between the groups was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Mylar matrix strips promoted the least bacterial adhesion, polishing with Sof-Lex aluminium oxide discs provided a smoother surface than Astrobrush and hence less bacterial adhesion than Astrobrush system.

Aim and Objectives: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is a common clinical condition usually associated with exposed dentinal surfaces. The present study evaluated the influence of topical application of hydroxyapatite containing desensitizing agent (Remin Pro) on dentinal tubule occlusion. Materials and Methods: A total of 22 dentin discs obtained from 11 anterior teeth were divided into two groups. Test group (Remin Pro) and control group (distilled water). The specimens treated with 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid gel prior to the application of test agents followed by rinsing and application of test agents for 5 min. After rinsing, 5% Evans blue dye was applied on both the specimens. The specimens were observed under light microscope. A quantitative analysis of tubular occlusion was done by counting the number of dentinal tubules/1000 μm ² , diameter of dentinal tubules (μm), and closed tubular area (μm ² ). Percentage of tubular occlusion was calculated in both the groups. Results: Mean number of occluded dentinal tubules in Group A was 78.01% whereas in case of Group B it was 4.97%. With a higher percentage of tubular occlusion, the diameter and number of dentinal tubules decreased and closed tubular area of each tubule increased. Conclusion: The desensitizing agent produced significant greater dentinal tubular occlusion as compared to the control group. Clinical implications: Though in-vitro studies provide evidence for immediate dentine hypersensitivity treatment, further well-designed multicenter prospective long-term clinical trials with scanning electron microscopic evaluation are needed to find the gold standard treatment of DH.

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the manual cephalometric tracings with computerized cephalometric tracings using Burstone hard tissue analysis and McNamara analysis. Materials and Methods: Conventional lateral cephalograms of 20 subjects were obtained and manually traced. The radiographs were subsequently scanned and digitized using Dolphin Imaging software version 11.7. McNamara analysis and Burstone hard tissue analysis were performed by both conventional and digital method. No differentiations were made for age or gender. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS 17.0 version (Chicago, Illinois, USA) statistical software program. A paired t-test was used to detect differences between the manual and digital methods. Statistical significance was set at the P < 0.05 level of confidence. Results: (A) From Burstone analysis variables N-Pg II Hp show statistically very significant difference, and ANS-N, U1-NF, N-B II Hp, L1-Mp, and Go-Pg shows the statistically significant difference. (B) From McNamara analysis variables Nasolabial angle and L1-APog show statistically significant differences and the Mandibular length shows the statistically very significant difference. Conclusion: According to this study, is reasonable to conclude that the manual and digital tracings show the statistically significant difference.

Finite element analysis method (FEA) allows detailed visualization of where structures bend or twist, and indicates the distribution of stresses and displacements. FEA software provides a wide range of simulation options for controlling the complexity of both modeling and analysis of a system. Similarly, the desired level of accuracy required and associated computational time requirements can be managed simultaneously to address most engineering applications. FEA which is an engineering method of calculating stresses and strains in all materials including living tissues has made it possible to adequately model the tooth, restorative materials and dental implants for scientific checking, and validating the clinical assumptions. The purpose of this article was to give an insight of the FEA, which has totally overshadowed other experimental analysis due to its ability to model even the most complex of geometries with is immensely flexible and adaptable nature. FEA is a computer-based numerical technique for calculating the strength and behavior of structures.

Periodontal disease is a chronic microbial infection. There is a need for the evolvement of contemporary diagnostic tests to improve the clinical management. Molecular arrays for the detection of biomarkers on the different stages of the disease help in understanding various mediators of the disease process. This evolutionary process has promoted the discovery of new biomarkers. A periodontal diagnostic tool provides pertinent information for differential diagnosis and localization of disease. Human saliva is an easily accessible biochemical fluid, which is similar to blood in various biological aspects. Gingival crevicular fluid is an inflammatory exudate that represents serum components overlaid with products from local physiologic phenomena, and has diagnostic value.

Pediatric age groups are the ones that are more susceptible to a drug. Complications/side effects due to the use of man-made drugs have paved way for the natural products for pharmacotherapeutic purposes. Propolis, a natural resinous substance shows dental application based on its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects. An alternative to gold standard drugs propolis is easy to use, patient friendly, and easily accessible.

Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is less encountered variant which is believed to be less aggressive. A rare case of bilateral unicystic mural ameloblastoma in a 24 year old pregnant female is presented which was treated by en-block resection with preservation of the lower border of the mandible. The rationale for this treatment modalitiy and other treatment options for this condition including post resection reconstruction have been discussed in this article.

The patient was a girl with a Class II division 1 malocclusion, a large overjet, an excessively deep overbite, and a slightly increased mandibular plane angle. Treatment started with the Twin-block appliance combined with combination-pull headgear to promote growth of the mandible, restrain the maxilla in the anteroposterior plane, and improve her profile. This was later, followed by fixed appliance therapy.

Ranula is a mucus extravasation cyst arising from the sublingual gland. The name "ranula" has been derived from the Latin word "rana" which means "frog." The swelling resembles a frog's translucent underbelly or air sacs. Ranula usually appears as a painless, fluctuant swelling. It usually occurs unilaterally and in young adults. This paper reviews and highlights a case report of ranula in the floor of the mouth that has been successfully treated by marsupialization. A 14-year-old female suffered from unilateral swelling in the floor of the mouth that had been enlarging slowly over the past 4 months. Conventional marsupialization was done. No complication was observed during the postoperative period, and there was no recurrence in the 24 months follow-up period.

Monomorphic adenoma is a rare benign salivary gland epithelial tumor representing <3% of all tumors in general population, and more than 80% of them arise in the major salivary glands, mostly the parotid gland and rarely in upper lip, buccal mucosa - as observed in the present case. Monomorphic adenomas are defined as epithelial benign tumors of the salivary glands, which are not pleomorphic adenomas. Due to prognostic implications, differential diagnosis (adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, mucocele, sebaceous cyst, lipoma, nasolabial cyst, etc.,) is mandatory. The present case report describes a rare case of monomorphic adenoma involving minor salivary glands with added review the literature; discuss the diagnosis and management of this rare entity and special emphasis on the need for periodic follow-up, due to the important relapse potential and aggressivity of these lesions.

The management of patients with traumatic injuries to their dentition is an integral part of the general dental practice. Anterior teeth with fractures that extend subgingivally require a complex treatment plan that addresses biologic, esthetic, and functional factors, such as mastication and speech. Treatment of crown fractures often requires a multi-disciplinary approach. However, crown-root fractures with fracture line below the gingival attachment or alveolar bone crest present restorative difficulties. This case report presents a 24-year-old male who reported with fractured upper right lateral and central incisors and upper left central incisor following road traffic accident. On clinical examination, it was observed that the upper right lateral incisor had a horizontal fracture at the cervical one-third level with the fracture line extending subgingivally, mid crown fracture of right central incisor and incisal fracture of left central incisor. All the traumatized teeth were first treated endodontically, and then referred to our department for orthodontic extrusion before permanent crown placement.